top of page
Reflections on Psychiatry & Psychology


Ketamine for Chronic Pain? Evidence Still Missing
A large Cochrane review of 67 randomized trials (>2,300 patients) found no clear evidence that ketamine or other NMDA-receptor antagonists reduce chronic non-cancer pain. Evidence quality was rated low to very low, so current data do not reliably support ketamine as an effective pain treatment.
Alexander Papp, MD
Sep 7, 20252 min read


Ketamine and Postpartum Depression: A Promising New Treatment Option
Ketamine and postpartum depression: A landmark BMJ study found that a single dose of esketamine after childbirth reduced postpartum depression by 75% in at-risk mothers. Learn what this means for prenatal depression treatment and maternal mental health.
Alexander Papp, MD
Dec 1, 20243 min read


Does Naltrexone Block Ketamine’s Antidepressant Effect? The Opioid Receptor Problem in Ketamine Therapy
Does naltrexone block ketamine’s antidepressant effects? Stanford research shows opioid receptor blockade dampens ketamine’s mood and antisuicidal benefits. Point Loma Clinic in San Diego explains what this means for your treatment plan.
Alexander Papp, MD
Nov 3, 20243 min read


Predicting Ketamine Treatment Outcomes: Key Findings and Implications
Can clinicians predict who will respond to ketamine for depression? A UCSD Veterans Affairs study identifies key baseline symptoms that predict ketamine non-response, informing better treatment planning. Learn more from Point Loma Clinic in San Diego.
Alexander Papp, MD
Sep 1, 20243 min read


The Comparative Effectiveness of Ketamine vs. Traditional Antidepressants: Personal Stories
Discover how ketamine compares to traditional antidepressants for treating depression. Point Loma Clinic in San Diego shares real patient stories showing faster remission, fewer side effects, and lasting mood improvement with ketamine therapy.
A. Papp MD & Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
Aug 4, 20243 min read


The Resurgence of Psychedelic Psychiatry: An Exciting Yet Cautious Advance
Psychedelic psychiatry is moving from fringe research to mainstream clinical practice. An overview of psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine — including benefits, risks, and what the evidence supports.
A. Papp MD & Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
Jul 7, 20243 min read


Advancing Treatment Approaches for Treatment-Resistant Depression
If multiple antidepressants haven't worked for you, you're not alone and you're not out of options. Why Antidepressants Fail: Lessons from the STAR*D Study Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex challenge in mental health, characterized by patients' inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapies. The landmark STAR*D study, which extensively evaluated treatment strategies for depression, revealed that a significant percentage of individuals do not respond
A. Papp MD & Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
Jun 2, 20242 min read


OCD and Depression: Why OCD Is Often Misdiagnosed
OCD is often diagnosed late (6–10 years) due to varied symptoms and stigma. Depression frequently co-occurs and may obscure OCD. Standard treatment is ERP plus SSRIs; other medications may be added. Emerging evidence suggests ketamine may help treatment-resistant OCD.
Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
May 5, 20244 min read


Unlocking the Brain: How the Lateral Habenula Influences Depression and Ketamine Therapy
The lateral habenula (LHb) stands out as a critical structure in understanding depression. This blog explores the LHb's role in the intricate landscape of neuroscience, its connection to depressive symptoms, and how ketamine therapy offers new hope by affecting this brain structure. The Lateral Habenula: A Critical Brain Structure The lateral habenula (LHb) is a small, symmetrical, paired nucleus located deep within the brain, nestled between the two thalamic bodies. It is in
Alexander Papp, MD
Apr 28, 20242 min read


Ketamine and the Future of Mental Health: Insights from the 2024 Oxford International Conference
The 2024 Oxford Ketamine Conference gathered global experts to discuss ketamine’s science and clinical use in mental health. Key themes included its rapid antidepressant effects, mechanisms of action, and improving treatment approaches, highlighting interdisciplinary collaboration and future research.
A. Papp MD & Julie Myers, PsyD, MSCP
Mar 31, 20242 min read


New Ways of Thinking about Suicide
Suicide is the 10th leading US death. Predicting it is hard; only clozapine, lithium, and ketamine reduce risk. Genetics, stress, and access to means all contribute.
Alexander Papp, MD
Jan 31, 20213 min read


Ketamine is Not a Sedative
In 2019, Elijah McClain died after EMTs injected him with 500 mg ketamine during a police arrest. The text argues ketamine is not a sedative but a dissociative anesthetic that inhibits GABA indirectly and can raise heart rate and blood pressure. In a stressful arrest, this may worsen agitation and cardiac strain. It concludes ketamine should not be used to “sedate” detainees.
Alexander Papp, MD
Jul 1, 20202 min read
bottom of page